International conference on multidisciplinary science
All publications of the conference consist of original research articles reviewed by experts that highlight scientific and technological achievements in the field of fundamental sciences, technologies, engineering, and education, and research on the current problems and solutions in the development of innovative technologies, science, and education in the 21st century. Admission directions: Chemistry, biology, environmental science, computer science, engineering, sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, neuroscience, medicine, astronomy, geology, geography, political science, linguistics, education, agriculture, archaeology, and many others. Professors and teachers, doctoral students, independent researchers, master's students, talented students, teachers and educators of educational institutions and practitioners can submit theses to the conference.
BO‘LAJAK INGLIZ TILI O‘QITUVCHILARINING KASBIY KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA INNOVATSION PEDAGOGIK TEXNOLOGIYALARNING O‘RNI
Maqolada innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarning bo‘lajak ingliz tili o‘qituvchilari kasbiy kompetentligini rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, raqamli ta’lim vositalari, interaktiv metodlar va zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarning samaradorligi tahlil etilgan.
innovatsion texnologiyalar, kasbiy kompetentlik, ingliz tili, interaktiv metodlar, raqamli ta’lim, pedagogik innovatsiya.
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES BASED ON CFD SIMULATIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
This article analyzes the improvement of energy efficiency in industrial processes based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and evaluates their economic efficiency. The study investigates the reduction of energy losses, optimization of production costs, and efficient utilization of resources through detailed modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer processes in industrial systems. In modern industrial environments, energy consumption has become one of the most critical factors affecting operational costs and environmental sustainability. CFD-based simulation tools allow engineers to analyze complex flow behaviors, identify inefficiencies, and optimize system performance at the design stage without the need for expensive physical prototyping. The results of this study demonstrate that CFD technologies significantly contribute not only to technical optimization but also to economic efficiency by reducing operational costs and improving energy utilization efficiency in industrial processes.
CFD, energy efficiency, industrial processes, economic analysis, simulation, optimization, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, engineering economics.
БОШ МИЯ ТУҒРУҚ ТРАВМАСИДА НОБУД БЎЛГАН ЧАҚАЛОҚЛАР ЎРТА МИЯСИ ТАЛАМУСНИ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯСИ
Бош мия туғуруқ травмаси ўрта мия таламусдаги жавоб реакцияси асосан, ишемик некроз, таламус нейронларида қайтмас даражада некробиоз ўчоқлари, индуцирланган апоптоз юзага келиши, атрофида ёйсимон жойлашган икки қаватли тигроид киритмаларга бой бўлган хужайраларни миграцияси ва локализациясини бузилиши, стромада плазматик бўкишлар юзага келгани аниқланди. капилляр томирларда кескин веноз тўлақонлик оқибатида периваскуляр ва перицеллюляр шишиларни юзага келиши, резидент макроглиал хужайралар фагоцитози кучайиши оқибатида жуфт бўлиб жойлашган секретор некйронлар ўрнида микрокистоз бўшлиқларни юзага келганлиги аниқланади.
ўрта мия, таламус, морфология, бош мия туғуруқ травмаси, некроз, дистрофия.
ХОРАЗМ ВИЛОЯТИДА ЯШОВЧИ АЁЛЛАРДА ТУРЛИ ХИЛ СЕМИЗЛИК ФОНИДА ЮЗАГА КЕЛГАН ГОНАРТРОЗЛАРДА МЕДИАЛ МЕНИСКЛАРНИ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯСИ
Хоразм вилояти мисолида аёлларда турли хил семизлик фонида юзага келган гонартрозларда медиал менискларни ўзига хослиги, харкатчан-лик хусусиятини бўлмаслиги, оғирлик тушувчи юзасини катталиги, тана вазни оғир бўлган аёлларда доимий равишда жисмоний зўриқиши медиал мениск юзаси олдинги ўрта ва орқа шохлари васкуляр ва аваскуляр сохалари чеграларига тушиши натижасида, менискда импрессион эзилиши юзаларида коллаген толаларни деструктив дисрегенратив ўзгаришлари аниқланса, хужайравий таркибида изоген хондроцитларни сон ва хажм жихатдан кичиклашиши ва камайиши, экстрацеллюляр матриксни ахм кескин камайишига олиб келади. Бу эса, мениск қалинлигини кескин пасайиши ва оғир нуқталри юзаларида деструктив ўзгаришлар ва чандиқли жараёнларни устунлиги билан давом этиши аниқланади.
патоморфология, менисклар, тизза бўғими, гонартроз, семизлик, аёллар.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O’QUVCHILARINING MATEMATIK TAFAKKURINI SHAKLLANTIRISHNING
This article examines the effectiveness of methodological approaches, interactive techniques, logical tasks, problem-based situations, and the use of digital tools in developing the intellectual thinking of primary school students in mathematics education. It also provides a scholarly analysis of the psychological factors influencing the development of mathematical thinking, the innovative forms of organizing learning activities, and the pedagogical competence of the teacher.
intellectual thinking, primary education, mathematics, methodology, logical reasoning, interactive methods, problem-based learning, creativity.
RAQAMLI O‘YINLAR YORDAMIDA BOLALARNING KOGNITIV RIVOJLANISHINI OSHIRISH
Mazkur maqolada raqamli o‘yinlarning bolalarning kognitiv rivojlanishiga ta’siri ilmiy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Unda zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida interaktiv va raqamli o‘yinlardan foydalanish orqali bolalarning xotira, diqqat, mantiqiy fikrlash hamda muammolarni hal qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, raqamli o‘yinlarning ijobiy va salbiy jihatlari, ularni ta’lim jarayoniga samarali integratsiya qilish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola maktabgacha va kichik maktab yoshidagi bolalar bilan ishlovchi pedagoglar hamda ota-onalar uchun amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.
raqamli o‘yinlar, kognitiv rivojlanish, bolalar psixologiyasi, ta’lim texnologiyalari, interaktiv o‘yinlar, xotira, diqqat, mantiqiy fikrlash, raqamli ta’lim, o‘yin orqali o‘qitish
ELEKTRON JADVALLAR BILAN ISHLASH TEXNOLOGIYALARINING SAMARADORLIGI VA ULARNING TA’LIM JARAYONIDAGI AHAMIYATI
This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations of working with electronic spreadsheets. It analyzes the role of spreadsheets in the educational process, their functional capabilities, and their importance in developing students’ analytical thinking skills. Methods of data processing, analysis, and visualization using modern software tools are also discussed. The research results demonstrate that effective use of spreadsheets improves the quality of education.
spreadsheets, data analysis, information technology
KASBIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA INGLIZ TILI DARSLARIDA KOMMUNIKATIV YONDASHUVDAN FOYDALANISH SAMARADORLIGI
Ushbu tezisda kasbiy ta’lim muassasalarida ingliz tili darslarini tashkil etishda kommunikativ yondashuvdan foydalanishning pedagogik samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi kunda kasbiy ta’lim tizimida ingliz tilini o‘qitish faqat grammatik qoidalarni o‘zlashtirish yoki matn tarjima qilish bilan cheklanmasligi kerak. Chunki bo‘lajak mutaxassis mehnat bozorida chet tilidan real kasbiy vaziyatlarda foydalanishga ehtiyoj sezadi. Shu sababli ingliz tili darslarida talabalarning og‘zaki nutqi, tinglab tushunish ko‘nikmasi, kasbiy muloqot madaniyati va amaliy kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish muhim hisoblanadi. Tezisda kommunikativ yondashuvning mazmuni, metodik imkoniyatlari, dars jarayonidagi amaliy shakllari va kasbiy ta’limdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu yondashuvning samaradorligi o‘quvchilarning faolligi, mustaqil fikrlashi, kasbiy terminlardan foydalanishi va muloqotga kirishish qobiliyati bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil qilinadi.
kasbiy ta’lim, ingliz tili, kommunikativ yondashuv, kommunikativ kompetensiya, kasbiy muloqot, interfaol metod, nutqiy faoliyat, amaliy til o‘rganish.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ОЧИЩЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДЕТОКСИОМЫ НА КЛЕТОЧНОСТЬ ОРГАНОВ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРИ ПЕРВИЧНЫМ ИММУННЫМ ОТВЕТЕ С ТИПОМ АЦЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ
В патогенезе многих заболеваний большую роль играет состояние иммунной системы.В связи с этим сегодня создаются новые иммуномодулирующие препараты из растительных источников, не обладающих побочным действием, для расширения арсенала существующих средств.
Изучение влияние очищенного комплекса детоксиомы (ОКД) на клеточность органов иммунной системы при первичным иммунным ответе с типом ацетилирования.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HPV-ASSOCIATED CERVICAL CANCER AND PRECANCER IN WOMEN AGED 30 AND OLDER
Long-term studies have established that the human papillomavirus (HPV), which belongs to the papovaviridae family and has a tropism for stratified squamous epithelium, plays a significant role in the etiology of cervical precancer and cancer [2,5]. Most scientists believe that during HPV infection, the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 lead to genetic instability and epigenetic abnormalities in infected cells, which triggers the process of carcinogenesis and the development of cervical cancer [1,2,4,6]. HPV has been detected in almost 99.8% of cases of invasive cervical carcinoma and in more than 60% of cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [1,3,7]. The period from the primary viral infection to the development of cervical cancer is quite long – 5-10 years, therefore, cervical cancer prevention can be carried out not only by preventing HPV infection (vaccination), but also by early diagnosis of precancerous processes and systemic screening. In those countries where vaccination is carried out, where the quality and prevalence of screening is high, a 90% decrease in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer is noted [2,8,9]. To date, questions about the frequency of screening, the use of markers and methods for diagnosing cervical cancer, especially in the case of transient infection, remain open. The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology recommends starting the cervical cancer screening program for women from the age of 21. In Denmark, the age at which screening for cervical cancer begins is 23 years, in France – 25 years, in Finland – 30 years. The issue of the specifics of cervical cancer screening in women under 30 and over 30 years of age remains controversial. To conduct an effective screening test and early diagnosis of cervical cancer, it is necessary to find methods with high specificity and sensitivity. In countries with organized cervical cancer screening based on cytological examination, a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer has been shown [2,10]. Cytological examination reveals a large number of patients with L-SIL with ASC-US (squamous epithelial cells with atypia of unknown genesis), L-SIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) with a relatively low risk of developing cervical cancer. Detection of H-SIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) in patients requires further examination [1,11,12]. It has been established that immunohistochemical (ICC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) studies using double antibodies to p16/Ki67 play an important role in the differential diagnosis of these changes. HPV testing has proven effective in screening women with ASC-US and L-SIL. However, it has been found that HPV infection is unstable in most women under 30 [3,13,14], limiting its use as a primary method for detecting precancerous changes in the cervix. Cervical cancer carcinogenesis is currently understood in terms of the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and spheroid epithelial-mesenchymal structures (SEMS) in tissue.
human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARNI TA'LIMDA QO‘LLASHNING KAMCHILIKLARI
This article provides a systematic analysis of the drawbacks and existing barriers to integrating modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the educational process. The study explores not only the positive aspects of digital transformation but also the negative consequences, such as distractions that hinder academic performance, social inequality caused by the "digital divide," and the physical and mental health impacts of excessive screen time. Furthermore, the paper categorizes pedagogical and technical challenges, including increased teacher workload, deficiencies in technical infrastructure, and cybersecurity concerns. The article concludes with practical recommendations for maintaining a healthy balance between the human element and digital tools in education to ensure effective learning outcomes.
Digital education, digital divide, negative impacts of ICT, cybersecurity, screen time in education, pedagogical stress, technological dependency, challenges of interactive learning
THE CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM: HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GIS BUNDLE AND PURKINJE FIBERS
This article provides a scientific analysis of the histophysiological characteristics of the cardiac conduction system, specifically the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers, as well as the activity of pacemaker cells that form the basis of cardiac automatism. The study examines the mechanisms of cardiac impulse generation and conduction, their physiological foundations at the cellular level, and the significance of ion channel activity. Disruptions of cardiac conduction, particularly the causes of blocks and arrhythmias, are explained at cellular and molecular levels. The article also reviews modern approaches to the detection of cardiac rhythm disorders and their clinical assessment in medical practice.
cardiac conduction system, pacemaker cells, cardiac automatism, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, depolarization, ion channels, heart rhythm, arrhythmia, block, electrophysiology, myocardium, impulse conduction, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node.
IMPROVING FISCAL MONITORING MECHANISMS FOR REDUCING HIDDEN RECEIPTS IN TRADE AND SERVICE SECTORS TO EXPAND THE LOCAL TAX BASE
this article develops an integrated fiscal monitoring mechanism for reducing hidden cash receipts in Uzbekistan’s trade and service sectors while strengthening the local tax base. Using legal reforms, official payment statistics, and sectoral indicators for 2021-2025, the study demonstrates that NKT, terminal, QR, and receipt-discipline variables should be monitored as linked manifestations of a single commercial event rather than as isolated violations. The proposed mechanism combines event-level data integration, sector-sensitive risk scoring, territorial benchmarking, and proportionate enforcement responses, thereby improving local revenue mobilization without imposing unnecessarily high compliance costs on formally operating businesses.
hidden receipts, fiscal monitoring, local budget revenues, trade and services, tax administration, cash registers, payment terminals, QR codes, noncash payments, shadow economy, Uzbekistan
АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗ ПИЛАКЧАЛАРИ РИВОЖЛАНИШ ЖАРАЁНИДА ТЕМИР МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТИНИНГ АҲАМИЯТИ
Охирги вақтларда юрак-томир касалликлари ривожланишида дисэлементоз ҳолатининг ўрни кенг миқёсда ўрганилмоқда, нимага деганди макро- ва микроэлементлар юрак-томир тизимининг барча функцияларида иштирок этадиган фермент, гормонлар ва оқсиллар таркибига киради. Юрак-томир тизим касалликлари ривожланиш механизмлари таркибида амалга ошадиган кимёвий реакцияларда иштирок этадиган микроэлементлар Қон таркибида ва бевосита ички аъзолар тўқимасида бўлганлигидан уларни ўрганиш муҳим ҳисобланади. Шунинг учун, биологик тўқималарнинг микроэлементли таркиби бўйича база яратиш кардиология соҳасида янги перспектив йўналиш ҳисобланади.. Томир эндотелийсини шикастланишга олиб келадиган, ҳужайралар мембранаси хусусиятларининг структур-функционал бузилиши ва оксидланиш жараёни билан боғлиқ микроэлементларнинг ўзаро муносабатини ўрганиш атеросклероз патогенезини тушиниш учун янги маълумотлар беради.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE CERVIX AT THE PRESENT STAGE
A high recovery rate after one course of treatment and a relatively low relapse rate (associated with a change in sexual partner or the presence of a urogenital tract infection) make this drug recommended for the treatment of cervicitis.
chronic cervicitis, reproductive age, treatment
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ТОП-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ КОМПАНИИ
На сегодняшний день, когда речь заходит об устойчивости и долгосрочном успехе компании принято вспоминать самые разные факторы: стратегия предприятия, её бизнес-модель, факторы критического успеха, и даже штат сотрудников. И хотя важность сотрудников в достижении успеха той или иной компании не подлежит сомнению, не стоит забывать, что руководство, то есть топ-менеджмент компании также играет крайне важную роль. И речь не только профессиональных навыках или возможности предугадывать тенденции в той или иной сфере, а скорее о влиянии поведения руководства. Принимаемые топ-менеджментом решения о количестве ресурсов, затрачиваемых на представительские расходы, или предоставление так называемых «золотых парашютов» для генеральных директоров, все это также оказывает влияние на то, насколько успешна будет компания или она и вовсе обанкротится. Долгосрочный успех предприятия и тем более его устойчивость крайне чувствительны к принимаемым руководством решениям, потому как они в значительной степени формируют образ компании в глазах всех заинтересованных сторон, а также определяют то, на какие направления предприятие затрачивает свои финансовые ресурсы.
ONA TILI VA ADABIYOT DARSLARIDA GURUHLI LOYIHA ISHLARINING O‘QUVCHILAR FAOLLIGIGA TA’SIRI
The article theoretically analyzes the impact of group project work on student activity in native language and literature classes. Based on Johnson and Johnson's cooperative learning theory, Dale's "cone of experience" model, and Tuckman's theory of group development stages, the mechanisms of increasing student activity in group project work are studied. Comparative analysis clearly showed the differences between individual assignments and group project work in 5 elements of cooperative learning. The results of the study theoretically substantiate the fact that group project work has a significant advantage over individual assignments in increasing student activity.
group project, student activity, cooperative learning, cone of experience, native language, literature, teamwork.
DON JO‘XORI NAVLARINING O‘SIShI, RIVOJLANIShI VA AYRIM MORFOLOGIK KO‘RSATKIChLARIGA AGROOMILLARTA’SIRI
This study examines the effect of agrochemicals on the growth, development, and main morphological parameters of maize varieties. The article presents the results of experiments using various agrochemical substances (organic and mineral fertilizers, stimulants, etc.). According to the research results, agrochemicals had a positive effect on plant height, stem thickness, grain yield, and root system development. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the applied agrochemicals was analyzed in relation to the varietal characteristics of maize. Based on the experimental data, the most effective types of agrochemicals and their application rates were determined. This work substantiates the possibilities of rational use of agrochemicals in maize cultivation to increase productivity and improve morphological parameters of plants.
maize (Zea mays L.), variety, agrochemicals, growth dynamics, morphological parameters, stem height, root system, yield components, mineral fertilizers, plant growth regulators.
INVESTIGATION OF AUTOMATIC REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION IN POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
At present, improving the efficiency of electricity use at industrial enterprises is one of the most important tasks. In production processes, the widespread use of asynchronous motors, transformers, welding units, compressors, and other inductive electrical consumers causes a significant increase in reactive power consumption. The growth of reactive power leads to an increase in current in electrical networks, higher active power losses, voltage drop, overloading of network elements, and deterioration of the power factor. As a result, the technical condition of the power supply system worsens, the risk of emergency operation increases, and energy use becomes economically inefficient. In many enterprises, capacitor banks are used to reduce reactive power consumption. However, under conditions where the load changes during the day, within shifts, or according to technological cycles, simple uncontrolled capacitor banks do not always ensure high efficiency. In some cases, compensation is insufficient, while in others overcompensation occurs. This may cause voltage rise above permissible limits, overheating of equipment, and a reduction in the service life of capacitor installations. Therefore, the issue of automatically controlling reactive power in accordance with real operating conditions is highly relevant.
BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIMDA FANLARARO INTEGRATSIYA ORQALI EKOLOGIK ONGNI SHAKLLANTIRISH METODIKASI
This study focuses on the methodology of fostering ecological awareness in primary school students through interdisciplinary integration. By combining subjects such as natural sciences, language arts, mathematics, and visual arts, environmental concepts can be conveyed to young learners in a systematic and meaningful way. Linking theoretical knowledge with practical observations, creative projects, and interactive activities not only develops students’ ecological understanding but also enhances critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a sense of responsibility toward nature.
ecological awareness, primary education, interdisciplinary integration, environmental education, sustainable behavior, integrated teaching methods, student-centered learning.
THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
This article scientifically and theoretically analyzes the pedagogical essence and content of the educational process in the primary education system, its inextricable link with the educational process. It also highlights the role of education in the formation of spiritual, moral, social and personal qualities in primary school students, modern pedagogical approaches and the main directions of the content of education.
upbringing, primary education, upbringing process, personal development, spiritual and moral upbringing, pedagogical process.
HUDUD IQTISODIYOTI TARKIBIY O‘ZGARISHLARIDA DIVERSIFIKATSIYA JARAYONLARINING ROLI (SURXONDARYO VILOYATI MISOLIDA)
Ushbu maqolada Surxondaryo viloyati iqtisodiyotida 2024–2026 yillarda kuzatilgan tarkibiy siljishlar diversifikatsiya jarayonlari nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Ish faqat rasmiy statistik manbalarga tayangan: 2024 va 2025 yillardagi yalpi hududiy mahsulot (YAHM) hajmi hamda tarmoq tarkibi, 2024–2025 makroiqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlar jadvali, 2026 yil yanvar oyining sanoat, bozor xizmatlari, ichki savdo va tashqi savdo press-relizlari, shuningdek 2026 yil fevral holatidagi korxonalar demografiyasi va xorijiy investitsiya ishtirokidagi korxonalar statistikasi. 2024 yilda YAHM 54 354,1 mlrd so‘m bo‘lib 5,9% o‘sgan; tarkibda qishloq xo‘jaligi 39,1%, xizmatlar 41,9%, sanoat 9,6% va qurilish 9,4% ulushni egallagan. 2025 yilda YAHM 66 186,5 mlrd so‘mga yetib, 6,6% o‘sgan; tarkibda xizmatlar 43,4%ga ko‘tarilgan, qishloq xo‘jaligi 37,4%ga pasaygan, sanoat 9,9%ga chiqgan. 2026 yil yanvarda sanoat ishlab chiqarishi 1 059,8 mlrd so‘m (fizik hajm indeksi 108,9%) bo‘lgan va ishlab chiqarishning texnologik profili past texnologiyalilikning yuqoriligi bilan ajralib turgan (quyi texnologiyali segment 80,6%). 2026 yil yanvarda bozor xizmatlari 2 572,9 mlrd so‘m (o‘sish 115,0%) bo‘lib, xizmatlar hajmining 71,5%ini kichik biznes ko‘rsatgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Surxondaryoda “sektorlar ulushi” bo‘yicha diversifikatsiya sekin, biroq “sektor ichidagi tarkib”, “korxona ekotizimi” va “bozor/hamkorlar portfeli” bo‘yicha diversifikatsiya signallari aniqroq ko‘rinadi.
diversifikatsiya, tarkibiy o‘zgarish, YAHM, xizmatlar tarkibi, sanoat texnologik profili, tashqi savdo hamkorlari, kichik biznes, Surxondaryo.
ETIOLOGY OF EPILEPSY AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES
This article provides a scientific analysis of the etiology, pathogenesis, and modern treatment approaches to epilepsy. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorders of the central nervous system, characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from excessive and synchronous electrical activity of brain neurons. The paper examines the genetic, structural, infectious, and metabolic factors that influence the onset of the disease. Furthermore, it highlights modern therapeutic approaches used in the management of epilepsy, including the significance of antiepileptic drugs, surgical methods, and dietary therapy. The findings of the study indicate that early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial factors in improving the quality of life for patients with epilepsy.
epilepsy, etiology, pathogenesis, antiepileptic drugs, neurology, seizure, treatment methods.
This paper examines the Kepler problem as a special case of the motion of bodies in a central force field. It presents Kepler's fundamental laws, which describe the motion of planets around the Sun, and discusses their physical meaning and significance for modern science. Particular attention is paid to the analytical solution of the two-body problem and the impossibility of obtaining an exact solution for systems with three or more bodies. In this regard, numerical methods for solving equations of motion are considered, specifically the use of the MATLAB environment for modeling orbital motion. An algorithm is presented for reducing a system of differential equations to first-order form and their subsequent numerical solution. The paper emphasizes the importance of the Kepler problem for the development of astronomy, mechanics, and space exploration.
Kepler problem, Kepler's laws, planetary motion, central field, celestial mechanics, numerical methods, differential equations, MATLAB, orbital motion, two-body model, astronomy.
BAKTERIYALARDA ANTIBIOTIKLARGA REZISTENTLIK RIVOJLANISH MEXANIZMLARI VA UNING KLINIK AHAMIYATI
Antibiotics are essential therapeutic agents in the treatment of bacterial infections. In recent years, the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become one of the most pressing challenges in global healthcare. This article analyzes the molecular-biological mechanisms of antibiotic resistance development in bacteria, the factors leading to the formation of resistant strains, and their significance in clinical practice. Furthermore, the importance of the rational use of antibiotics and the oversight of antimicrobial therapy are discussed.
antibiotics, bacteria, resistance, microorganisms, beta-lactamase, infection, antimicrobial therapy.
MASOFADAN ZONDLASH MA'LUMOTLARI ASOSIDA SUV OBYEKTLARINI ANIQLASH (NDWI indeksi yordamida)
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) methodology widely used in remote sensing technologies for the detection and monitoring of water bodies using satellite imagery. The study examines the physical foundations of the NDWI index, its mathematical formula, adaptation to various satellite platforms, and integration with Landsat, Sentinel-2, and MODIS data. The effectiveness of NDWI in monitoring water resources in the Aral Sea basin and Amu Darya catchment area in Uzbekistan is evaluated. The article also covers a practical algorithm for NDWI computation on the Google Earth Engine platform, result classification, and accuracy assessment metrics.
remote sensing, NDWI, water index, satellite imagery, Landsat, Sentinel-2, Google Earth Engine, water resources monitoring, Aral Sea, spectral analysis.
HOW AI IS INFLUENCING THE ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS IN PHYSICS
Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a very popular topic today. Many people think AI is only about robots, but it is actually in our smartphones and computers too. For example, when you use Google Maps or talk to Chatgpt, you are using AI. There are many good things about AI. First, it makes our life easier. It can find information very fast and help us with our homework or work. Second, AI can do boring tasks for us. This gives humans more time to do creative things. However, some people are worried about AI. They think that robots will take our jobs in the future. Also, some students use AI too much and stop thinking for themselves. This is a problem because we need to keep our brains active. In our opinion, AI is a great invention. It is like a powerful tool, such as a car or a computer. If we use it in a smart way, it will help us build a better world. We should not be afraid of it, but we must learn how to use it correctly.
HOW AI HAS CHANGED THE ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS
In recent years, artificial intelligence has become one of the most discussed technologies in the world. AI refers to computer systems that can perform tasks which normally require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving and decision-making. While AI offers many advantages, it also brings certain challenges to society.
ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Endometrial cancer in patients over 50 years old, compared with the group of 60-75 years old, is characterized by a predominance of high-grade carcinomas (27.2% versus 12%, p < 0.001) due to the prevalence of non-endometrioid tumor histotype (16.98% versus 4.7%, p = 0.005). Extensive forms of the disease (FIGO stages III-IV) among women aged ≥ 70 years were observed in 17.6% of cases versus 6.7% in the comparison group (p = 0.003). The studied age groups were comparable in the extent of surgical treatment (p = 0.637) and adjuvant therapy performed in the postoperative period (p = 0.749).
SHUKUR XOLMIRZAYEV ASARLARIDA POEZIYANING BADIIY TALQINI
This thesis analyzes the artistic interpretation of poetry in the works of Shukur Xolmirzayev. The study substantiates, from a scientific and aesthetic perspective, the harmony of lyricism, psychological dramatism, symbolism, and philosophical reflection in the writer’s prose. Alongside the depiction of real reality, the works reveal the subtle layers of the human soul, highlighting the emergence of poetic thinking through internal monologue and psychological experiences. The poetic parallelism of nature imagery, as well as the artistic expression of national spirit and values, are also examined. The conclusion argues that in the writer’s prose, poetry appears not as an independent genre, but as an inner spiritual layer.
Shukur Xolmirzayev, poetic realism, lyricism, internal monologue, psychological dramatism, symbolism, philosophical reflection, national spirit, artistic interpretation, harmony of prose and poetry.